Ukuze uqonde ukuvuza kwempompo ye-centrifugal, kubalulekile ukuqonda kuqala umsebenzi osisiseko wempompo ye-centrifugal. Njengoko ukuhamba kungena kwi-impeller iliso lempompo kunye ne-impeller vanes, ulwelo luphantsi koxinzelelo kunye nesantya esiphantsi. Xa ukuhamba kudlula kwi-volute, uxinzelelo luyanda kwaye isantya sanda. Ukuhamba emva koko kuphuma ngokukhupha, apho uxinzelelo luphezulu kodwa isantya siyancipha. Ukuhamba okuya kwimpompo kufuneka kuphume kwimpompo. Ipompo inika intloko (okanye uxinzelelo), oku kuthetha ukuba kwandisa amandla ombane wempompo.
Ukungaphumeleli kwecandelo elithile lempompo ye-centrifugal, efana nokudibanisa, i-hydraulic, i-static joints, kunye neebheringi, ziya kubangela ukuba inkqubo yonke ingaphumeleli, kodwa malunga namashumi amathandathu anesithoba epesenti yazo zonke iintsilelo zempompo zibangelwa ukungasebenzi kakubi kwesixhobo sokutywina.
IMFUNO YOMCHWEPHEKO AMAtywina
Ukutywinwa komatshini sisixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuvuza phakathi kweshafti ejikelezayo kunye nenqanawa egcwele ulwelo okanye igesi. Olona xanduva lwayo kukulawula ukuvuza. Zonke izitywina ziyavuza-kufuneka zigcinwe ukuze kugcinwe ifilim elulwelo phezu kobuso betywina bomatshini. Ukuvuza okuphuma kwicala le-atmospheric kuphantsi ngokufanelekileyo; Ukuvuza kwi-Hydrocarbon, umzekelo, kulinganiswa ngemitha ye-VOC kwiinxalenye/kwisigidi.
Phambi kokuba kuphuhliswe izitywina zoomatshini, iinjineli zihlala zitywina impompo ngokupakishwa koomatshini. Ukupakishwa koomatshini, imathiriyeli enentsinga edla ngokugalelwa ngesithambiso esinjengegraphite, yasikwa yangamacandelo yaza yahlohlwa into eyayibizwa ngokuba “yibhokisi yokufaka izinto.” Idlala lokupakisha longezwa emva koko
ngasemva ukuze upakishe yonke into phantsi. Kuba ukupakishwa kunxibelelene ngqo ne-shaft, kufuna i-lubrication, kodwa kuya kuphanga amandla ehashe.
Ngokuqhelekileyo "i-lantern ring" ivumela amanzi agungxulwayo ukuba afakwe kwindawo yokupakisha. Loo manzi, ayimfuneko ekuthambiseni nasekupholiseni i-shaft, aya kuvuza mhlawumbi kwinkqubo okanye emoyeni. Ngokuxhomekeke kwisicelo sakho, unokufuna:
• Lathisela amanzi okugungxulwa kude nenkqubo ukuthintela ukosuleleka.
· thintela amanzi agungxulwayo ekuqokeleleni phantsi (i-overspray), eyinkxalabo ye-OSHA kunye nenkxalabo yokugcinwa kwendlu.
• khusela ibhokisi yokuthwala kumanzi agungxulwayo, anokuthi angcolise i-oyile kwaye ekugqibeleni ikhokelele ekungaphumeleli kokuthwala.
Njengayo yonke impompo, uya kufuna ukuvavanya impompo yakho ukuze ufumane iindleko zonyaka ezifunekayo ukuze usebenze. Ipompo yokupakisha inokufikeleleka ukuba ifake kwaye igcinwe, kodwa ukuba ubala ukuba zingaphi iilitha zamanzi ezidla ngomzuzu okanye ngonyaka, unokumangaliswa yindleko. Impompo yotywino yomatshini inokukongela iindleko ezininzi zonyaka.
Ukunikezelwa kwejometri ngokubanzi yesitywina somatshini, naphi na apho kukho i-gasket okanye i-o-ring, kukho indawo enokuthi ivuze:
· I-o-ring egugileyo, egugileyo okanye exhatshaziweyo eguqukayo (okanye igasket) njengoko itywina lomatshini lihamba.
· Ubumdaka okanye ungcoliseko phakathi kwezitywina zoomatshini.
· Umsebenzi owenziwe ngaphandle koyilo ngaphakathi komatshini wokutywina.
IINTLOBO EZINHLANU ZOKUSIYEKA KWESIXHOBO
Ukuba impompo ye-centrifugal ibonisa ukuvuza okungalawulwayo, kufuneka uhlolisise zonke izizathu ezinokuthi uqiniseke ukuba ufuna ukulungiswa okanye ukufakela okutsha.
1. Iintsilelo zokuSebenza
Ukungahoywa kweyona ndawo iFanelekileyo ngokuSebenzayo: Ngaba usebenzisa impompo kwindawo yokuSebenza ngokuFanelekileyo (BEP) kwigophe lokusebenza? Impompo nganye iyilwe nge
Indawo ethile yoMsebenzi. Xa usebenza impompo ngaphandle kwaloo mmandla, udala iingxaki ngokuhamba okubangela ukuba inkqubo ingaphumeleli.
Intloko ye-Net Positive Suction eyaneleyo (NPSH): Ukuba awunayo intloko eyaneleyo yokufunxa kwimpompo yakho, indibano ejikelezayo inokungazinzi, ibangele i-cavitation, kwaye ibangele ukungaphumeleli kwetywina.
I-Operating Dead-Head: Ukuba useta ivalve yokulawula iphantsi kakhulu ukuba icinezele impompo, unokuminxa ukuhamba. Ukuqukuqela okukrwitshiweyo kubangela ukujikeleziswa kwakhona kwempompo, eyenza ubushushu kwaye ikhuthaze ukusilela kwetywina.
Ukubaleka okomileyo kunye nokuVela ngokuNgenelanga kwetywina: Impompo eme nkqo yeyona ichaphazeleka kakhulu kuba isitywina soomatshini sibekwe ngaphezulu. Ukuba unomoya ongafanelekanga, umoya unokubanjwa malunga netywina kwaye awuyi kukwazi ukukhupha ibhokisi yokufaka. Isitywina somatshini siya kusilela ngokukhawuleza ukuba ipompo iyaqhubeka nokusebenza kule meko.
Umda woMphunga oMphantsi: Ezi zilwelo ezidanyazayo; iihydrocarbons ezishushu ziya kudanya xa sele zichanekile kwiimeko zomoya. Njengoko ifilimu yolwelo idlula kwi-mechanical seal, inokudanyaza kwicala lomoya kwaye ibangele ukusilela. Olu kusilela luhlala lusenzeka kwiinkqubo zokutyisa kwibhoyila-amanzi ashushu kwi-250-280ºF flash kunye noxinzelelo lwehla ngaphaya kobuso betywina.
2. Ukusilela koomatshini
Ukungalungelelani kakuhle kwe-shaft, ukungalingani kokudibanisa, kunye nokungalingani kwe-impeller konke kunokuba negalelo ekungaphumeleli kwetywina koomatshini. Ukongezelela, emva kokufakwa kwempompo, ukuba unemibhobho ephosakeleyo ebotshwe kuyo, uya kunika ubunzima obuninzi kwimpompo. Kwakhona kufuneka uphephe isiseko esibi: Ngaba isiseko sikhuselekile? Ngaba ihlulwe ngokufanelekileyo? Ingaba unonyawo oluthambileyo? Ingaba ibhotshwe kakuhle? Kwaye ekugqibeleni, jonga iibheringi. Ukuba ukunyamezela kweebheringi kugqoka kuncinci, i-shafts iya kuhamba kwaye ibangele ukunyakaza kwimpompo.
3. Ukusilela kweCandelo lokutywina
Ngaba unaso isibini esilungileyo se-tribological (ufundo lwefriction)? Ngaba ukhethe indibaniselwano ejongeneyo echanekileyo? Kuthekani ngomgangatho wemathiriyeli yobuso betywina? Ngaba imathiriyeli yakho ifanelekile kwisicelo sakho esithile? Ngaba ukhethe iimpawu zesibini ezifanelekileyo, ezifana ne-gaskets kunye ne-o-rings, ezilungiselelwe ukuhlaselwa kweekhemikhali kunye nokushisa? Imithombo yakho akufanele ivaleke okanye ivuthe imvula. Okokugqibela, jonga ukuphambuka kobuso kuxinzelelo okanye ubushushu, kuba itywina lomatshini phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu liya kuqubuda, kwaye iprofayile egqwethiweyo inokubangela ukuvuza.
4. Ukusilela koYilo lweNkqubo
Udinga ilungiselelo lokugungxulwa ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nokupholisa okwaneleyo. Iinkqubo ezimbini zinezithintelo zolwelo; imbiza yokutywina encedisayo kufuneka ibe kwindawo echanekileyo, kunye nesixhobo esichanekileyo kunye nemibhobho. Kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo uBude boMbhobho oLungileyo kwi-Suction-ezinye iinkqubo zempompo ezindala ezidla ngokuza njenge-skid epakishweyo ziquka i-90º elbow ekufunxeni kanye phambi kokuba umpompozo ungene kwi-impeller eye. Ingqiniba ibangela ukuqukuqela kwesiphithiphithi esidala ukungazinzi kwindibano ejikelezayo. Yonke imibhobho yokufunxa/yokukhupha kunye nemibhobho edlulayo kufuneka yenziwe ngobunjineli ngokuchanekileyo ngokunjalo, ngakumbi ukuba eminye imibhobho iye yalungiswa ngaxa lithile kule minyaka idlulileyo.
5. Yonke Enye Into
Ezinye izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo zenza malunga ne-8 ekhulwini kuphela yazo zonke iintsilelo. Ngokomzekelo, iinkqubo ezincedisayo ngamanye amaxesha zifunekayo ukubonelela ngendawo yokusebenza eyamkelekileyo yokutywinwa komatshini. Ngokubhekiselele kwiinkqubo ezimbini, udinga ulwelo oluncedisayo ukuze usebenze njengomqobo othintela ungcoliseko okanye inkqubo yolwelo ekuchithekeni kokusingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubasebenzisi abaninzi, ukujongana nenye yeendidi ezine zokuqala kuya kubamba isisombululo abasidingayo.
ISIPHELO
Izitywina zoomatshini ziyinto ephambili ekuthembekeni kwezixhobo ezijikelezayo. Banoxanduva lokuvuza kunye nokusilela kwenkqubo, kodwa bakwabonisa iingxaki ezinokudala umonakalo omkhulu endleleni. Ukuthembeka kwetywina kuchaphazeleka kakhulu kuyilo lwetywina kunye nendawo yokusebenza.
NguFrank Rotello, injineli yoomatshini yeCummins-Wagner Co.,Inc.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-04-2022